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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="uslm.css"?><resolution xmlns="http://schemas.gpo.gov/xml/uslm" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:uslm="http://schemas.gpo.gov/xml/uslm" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://schemas.gpo.gov/xml/uslm uslm-2.1.0.xsd" xml:lang="en"><!--Disclaimer: Legislative measures that include compacts or other non-standard data structures will require additional modeling and may contain inconsistencies in the converted USLM XML.--> <meta>
<dc:title>116 SCONRES 10 RS: Recognizing that Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and its allies.</dc:title>
<dc:type>Senate Concurrent Resolution</dc:type>
<docNumber>10</docNumber>
<citableAs>116 SCONRES 10 RS</citableAs>
<citableAs>116sconres10rs</citableAs>
<citableAs>116 S. Con. Res. 10 RS</citableAs>
<docStage>Reported in Senate</docStage>
<currentChamber>SENATE</currentChamber>
<dc:creator>United States Senate</dc:creator>
<processedBy>GPO XPub Bill to USLM Generator, version 0.5 + manual changes</processedBy>
<processedDate>2024-09-09</processedDate>
<dc:publisher>United States Government Publishing Office</dc:publisher>
<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
<dc:language>EN</dc:language>
<dc:rights>Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.</dc:rights>
<relatedDocument role="calendar" href="/us/116/scal/136">Calendar No. 136</relatedDocument>
<congress>116</congress>
<session>1</session>
<publicPrivate>public</publicPrivate></meta>
<preface>
<slugLine>•SCON 10 RS</slugLine>
<distributionCode display="yes">III</distributionCode>
<relatedDocument role="calendar" href="/us/116/scal/136">Calendar No. 136</relatedDocument>
<congress value="116">116th CONGRESS</congress>
<session value="1">1st Session</session>
<dc:type>S. CON. RES. </dc:type>
<docNumber>10</docNumber>
<dc:title>Recognizing that Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and its allies.</dc:title>
<currentChamber value="SENATE">IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES</currentChamber>
<action><date date="2019-03-28"><inline class="smallCaps">March </inline>28, 2019</date><actionDescription><sponsor senateId="S377">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Gardner</inline></sponsor> (for himself, <cosponsor senateId="S337">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Coons</inline></cosponsor>, <cosponsor senateId="S369">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Markey</inline></cosponsor>, <cosponsor senateId="S355">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Cruz</inline></cosponsor>, and <cosponsor senateId="S350">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Rubio</inline></cosponsor>) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the <committee committeeId="SSFR00" addedDisplayStyle="italic" deletedDisplayStyle="strikethrough">Committee on Foreign Relations</committee></actionDescription></action>
<action actionStage="Reported-in-Senate"><date><inline class="smallCaps">July </inline>9, 2019</date><actionDescription>Reported by <sponsor senateId="S323">Mr. <inline class="smallCaps">Risch</inline></sponsor>, with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble</actionDescription><actionInstruction>[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic]</actionInstruction><actionInstruction>[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic]</actionInstruction></action></preface>
<main styleType="OLC"><longTitle><docTitle>CONCURRENT RESOLUTION</docTitle><officialTitle>Recognizing that Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and its allies.</officialTitle></longTitle><preamble>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas fifth generation (5G) wireless technology promises greater speed and capacity and will provide the backbone for the next generation of digital technologies;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas fifth generation wireless technology will be a revolutionary advancement in telecommunications with the potential to create millions of jobs and billions of dollars in economic opportunity;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas Chinese companies, including Huawei, have invested substantial resources in advancing fifth generation wireless technology and other telecommunications services around the globe, including subsidies provided directly by the Government of the Peoples Republic of China;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas Chinese officials have increased leadership roles at the International Telecommunications Union, where international telecommunications standards are set, and companies such as Huawei have increased their influence at the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), whose work informs global technology standards;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas Huawei and ZTE have aggressively sought to enter into contracts throughout the developing world, including throughout Latin America and Africa in countries such as Venezuela and Kenya;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in 2012, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives released a bipartisan report naming Huawei and ZTE as national security threats;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in 2013, the United States restricted Federal procurement of certain products produced by Huawei and ZTE and has since expanded restrictions on Federal procurement of those products;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in 2016, the national legislature of the Peoples Republic of China passed the Cyber Security Law of the Peoples Republic of China, article 28 of which requires “network operators”, including companies like Huawei, to “provide technical support and assistance” to Chinese authorities involved in national security efforts;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in 2017, the national legislature of the Peoples Republic of China passed the National Intelligence Law of the Peoples Republic of China, article 7 of which requires “all organizations and citizens”—including companies like Huawei and ZTE—to “support, assist, and cooperate with national intelligence efforts” undertaken by the Peoples Republic of China;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in August 2018, the Government of Australia banned Huawei and ZTE from building the fifth generation wireless networks of Australia;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in August 2018, Congress restricted the heads of Federal agencies from procuring certain covered telecommunications equipment and services, which included Huawei and ZTE equipment;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in December 2018, the Government of Japan issued instructions effectively banning Huawei and ZTE from official contracts in the country;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, on December 7, 2018, a Vice-President of the European Commission expressed concern that Huawei and other Chinese companies may be forced to cooperate with Chinas intelligence services to install “mandatory backdoors” to allow access to encrypted data;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in January 2019, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued a Worldwide Threat Assessment that describes concerns “about the potential for Chinese intelligence and security services to use Chinese information technology firms as routine and systemic espionage platforms against the United States and allies”;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, in February 2019, the Government of New Zealand expressed serious concern about Huawei building the fifth generation wireless networks of New Zealand;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas the Department of Justice has charged Huawei with the theft of trade secrets, obstruction of justice, and other serious crimes;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas, against the strong advice of the United States and a number of the security partners of the United States, the governments of countries such as Germany have indicated that they may permit Huawei to build out the fifth generation wireless networks of those countries;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas installation of Huawei equipment in the communications infrastructure of countries that are allies of the United States would jeopardize the security of communication lines between the United States and those allies;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas secure communications systems are critical to ensure the safety and defense of the United States and allies of the United States;</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and other vital international security arrangements depend on strong and secure communications, which could be put at risk through the use of Huawei and ZTE equipment; and</recital>
<recital changed="deleted" origin="#SSFR00">Whereas there has been broad bipartisan consensus in Congress for years that Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE present serious threats to national and global security: Now, therefore, be it</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas fifth-generation (in this preamble referred to as “5G”) wireless technology promises greater speed and capacity and will provide the backbone for the next generation of digital technologies;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas 5G wireless technology will be a revolutionary advancement in telecommunications with the potential to create millions of jobs and billions of dollars in economic opportunity;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas Chinese companies, including Huawei, have invested substantial resources in advancing 5G wireless technology and other telecommunications services around the globe, including subsidies provided directly by the Government of the Peoples Republic of China;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas Chinese officials have assumed a greater number of leadership roles at the International Telecommunications Union, where international telecommunications standards are set, and Chinese companies such as Huawei have increased their influence at the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), whose work informs global telecommunications network technology standards;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas Huawei and ZTE have rapidly expanded their market share throughout the developing world, including in Latin America and Africa, in countries such as Venezuela and Kenya;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in 2018, Huawei increased its penetration to approximately 29 percent of the global telecommunications equipment market and 43 percent of the market in the Asia-Pacific, according to DellOro Group;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in 2012, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives released a bipartisan report naming Huawei and ZTE as national security threats;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in 2013, the United States restricted Federal procurement of certain products produced by Huawei and ZTE and has since expanded these restrictions;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in 2016, the national legislature of the Peoples Republic of China passed the Cyber Security Law of the Peoples Republic of China, Article 28 of which requires “network operators”, including companies like Huawei, to “provide technical support and assistance” to Chinese authorities involved in national security efforts;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in 2017, the national legislature of the Peoples Republic of China passed the National Intelligence Law of the Peoples Republic of China, Article 7 of which requires “all organizations and citizens”, including companies like Huawei and ZTE, to “support, assist, and cooperate with national intelligence efforts” undertaken by the Peoples Republic of China;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in August 2018, the Government of Australia banned Huawei and ZTE from building the 5G wireless networks of Australia;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in August 2018, Congress restricted the heads of Federal agencies from procuring certain telecommunications equipment and services, which included Huawei and ZTE equipment;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in December 2018, the Government of Japan issued a directive barring procurement by the government and the Japan Self-Defense Forces of telecommunications equipment that would undermine national security;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, on December 7, 2018, a Vice President of the European Commission expressed concern that Huawei and other Chinese companies may be forced to cooperate with Chinas intelligence services to install “mandatory backdoors”;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in January 2019, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued a Worldwide Threat Assessment that describes concerns “about the potential for Chinese intelligence and security services to use Chinese information technology firms as routine and systemic espionage platforms against the United States and allies”;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, in February 2019, the Government of New Zealand expressed serious concern about Huawei building the 5G wireless networks of New Zealand;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, on May 3, 2019, the Prague 5G Security Conference, which was widely attended by representatives from the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), including the United States, produced the Prague Proposals, which state that “communication networks and services should be designed with resilience and security in mind”;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas the Department of Justice has charged Huawei with the theft of trade secrets, obstruction of justice, and other serious crimes;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas, against the strong advice of the United States, the governments of some countries, including United States security partners such as Germany, have indicated they may permit the involvement of Huawei in building 5G wireless networks in those countries;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas installation of Huawei equipment in the communications infrastructure of United States allies would jeopardize the security of communication lines between the United States and those allies;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas secure communications systems are critical to ensure the safety and defense of the United States and allies of the United States;</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other vital international security arrangements, including the Five Eyes partnership, depend on strong and secure communications, which could be at risk through the use of Huawei and ZTE equipment; and</recital>
<recital changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">Whereas there has been broad bipartisan consensus in Congress for years that Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE present serious threats to national and global security: Now, therefore, be it</recital><resolvingClause><i>Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), </i></resolvingClause></preamble><section changed="deleted" id="S1" class="inline"><chapeau class="inline">That—</chapeau>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/1" id="id66BE2B5A998B4EEC9146DF2AEC96D630" class="indent1"><num value="1">(1) </num><content>Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and allies of the United States;</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/2" id="idD96C236EEC1B4564BA8BFC2B1B259184" class="indent1"><num value="2">(2) </num><content>the United States should reiterate to countries that are choosing to incorporate Huawei or ZTE products in their new telecommunications infrastructure that the United States will consider all necessary measures to limit the risks incurred by entities of the United States Government or Armed Forces from use of such compromised networks;</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/3" id="id48E32B0A07E54E73994C619AB72A374C" class="indent1"><num value="3">(3) </num><content>the United States should continue to make allies of the United States aware of the ongoing and future risks to telecommunications networks shared between the United States and such allies; and</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/4" id="id9785C21562024EE982A973F3D6EF7152" class="indent1"><num value="4">(4) </num><content>the United States should work with the private sector and allies and partners of the United States, including the European Union, in a regularized bilateral or multilateral format, to identify secure, cost-effective, and reliable alternatives to Huawei or ZTE products.</content></paragraph></section>
<section id="idF897AA8EA89B4B828C418BF80EC91320"><chapeau><addedText origin="#SSFR00" class="italic">That—</addedText></chapeau>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/1" id="id2ED15AD6038E46E6B525985CB00BA322" changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="indent1 italic"><num value="1">(1) </num><content>Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and allies of the United States;</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/2" id="id096192D287E24088B6FC2F0AEB16D40F" changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="indent1 italic"><num value="2">(2) </num><content>the United States should reiterate to countries choosing to incorporate Huawei or ZTE products into their new telecommunications infrastructure that the United States will seek to limit the risks posed to the United States Government or Armed Forces from use of such compromised networks;</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/3" id="idE6ECC3939A694F9E837F2FD63A2F0B5B" changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="indent1 italic"><num value="3">(3) </num><content>the United States should continue to make allies of the United States aware of the ongoing and future risks to telecommunications networks shared by the United States and such allies;</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/4" id="id2E8CC5F5FC704AB6B05D035ABB3386CE" changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="indent1 italic"><num value="4">(4) </num><content>the United States should work with the private sector and allies and partners, including the European Union, in regularized bilateral or multilateral formats, to identify secure, cost-effective, and reliable alternatives to Huawei or ZTE products; and</content></paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/resolution/116/sconres/10/s/5" id="idAAE3AB2254A84F4EB75DDCCB67C5AFBC" changed="added" origin="#SSFR00" class="indent1 italic"><num value="5">(5) </num><content>the United States should accelerate its efforts to increase its leadership and participation in the international fora responsible for global telecommunications standards, and work with allies and partners as well as the private sector to also increase their engagement.</content></paragraph></section></main>
<endorsement orientation="landscape"><relatedDocument role="calendar" href="/us/116/scal/136">Calendar No. 136</relatedDocument>
<congress value="116">116th CONGRESS</congress><session value="1">1st Session</session><dc:type>S. CON. RES. </dc:type><docNumber>10</docNumber>
<longTitle><docTitle>CONCURRENT RESOLUTION</docTitle>
<officialTitle>Recognizing that Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE pose serious threats to the national security of the United States and its allies.</officialTitle></longTitle>
<action><date date="2019-07-09"><inline class="smallCaps">July </inline>9, 2019</date>
<actionDescription>Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble</actionDescription></action></endorsement></resolution>