UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT OF 1995
Public Law 104-4, as amended
UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT OF 1995
4
104–4
Statute Compilation
United States House of Representatives
Office of the Legislative Counsel
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EN
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
339
104
1995-03-22
UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT OF 1995
[Public Law 104-4]
[As Amended Through P.L. 104–4, Enacted March 22, 1995]
[Currency: This publication is a compilation of Public Law 104-4. It was last amended by the public law listed in the As Amended Through note above and below at the bottom of each page of the pdf version and reflects current law through the date of the enactment of the public law listed at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/comps/]
[Note: While this publication does not represent an official version of any Federal statute, substantial efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of its contents. The official version of Federal law is found in the United States Statutes at Large and in the United States Code. The legal effect to be given to the Statutes at Large and the United States Code is established by statute (1 U.S.C. 112, 204).]
SECTION 1. [[2 U.S.C. 1501 note]] SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995”.
SEC. 2. [[2 U.S.C. 1501]] PURPOSES.
The purposes of this Act are—
(1) to strengthen the partnership between the Federal
Government and State, local, and tribal governments;
(2) to end the imposition, in the absence of full consideration
by Congress, of Federal mandates on State, local, and
tribal governments without adequate Federal funding, in a
manner that may displace other essential State, local, and
tribal governmental priorities;
(3) to assist Congress in its consideration of proposed legislation establishing or revising Federal programs containing
Federal mandates affecting State, local, and tribal governments, and the private sector by—
(A) providing for the development of information about
the nature and size of mandates in proposed legislation;
and
(B) establishing a mechanism to bring such information
to the attention of the Senate and the House of Representatives
before the Senate and the House of Representatives
vote on proposed legislation;
(4) to promote informed and deliberate decisions by Congress
on the appropriateness of Federal mandates in any particular instance;
(5) to require that Congress consider whether to provide funding to assist State, local, and tribal governments in complying
with Federal mandates, to require analyses of the impact
of private sector mandates, and through the dissemination of
that information provide informed and deliberate decisions by
Congress and Federal agencies and retain competitive balance
between the public and private sectors;
(6) to establish a point-of-order vote on the consideration
in the Senate and House of Representatives of legislation
containing significant Federal intergovernmental mandates
without providing adequate funding to comply with such mandates;
(7) to assist Federal agencies in their consideration of proposed
regulations affecting State, local, and tribal governments,
by—
(A) requiring that Federal agencies develop a process
to enable the elected and other officials of State, local,
and tribal governments to provide input when Federal
agencies are developing regulations; and
(B) requiring that Federal agencies prepare and consider
estimates of the budgetary impact of regulations
containing Federal mandates upon State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector before adopting such
regulations, and ensuring that small governments are given
special consideration in that process; and
(8) to begin consideration of the effect of previously imposed
Federal mandates, including the impact on State, local, and
tribal governments of Federal court interpretations of Federal
statutes and regulations that impose Federal intergovernmental
mandates.
SEC. 3. [[2 U.S.C. 1502]] DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this Act—
(1) except as provided in section 305 of this Act, the terms
defined under section 421 of the Congressional Budget and
Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (as added by section 101
of this Act) shall have the meanings as so defined; and
(2) the term “Director” means the Director of the Congressional Budget Office.
SEC. 4. [[2 U.S.C. 1503]] EXCLUSIONS.
This Act shall not apply to any provision in a bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report before Congress and
any provision in a proposed or final Federal regulation that—
(1) enforces constitutional rights of individuals;
(2) establishes or enforces any statutory rights that prohibit
discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national
origin, age, handicap, or disability;
(3) requires compliance with accounting and auditing procedures
with respect to grants or other money or property provided
by the Federal Government;
(4) provides for emergency assistance or relief at the
request of any State, local, or tribal government or any official
of a State, local, or tribal government;
(5) is necessary for the national security or the ratification
or implementation of international treaty obligations;
(6) the President designates as emergency legislation and
that the Congress so designates in statute; or
(7) relates to the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance
program under title II of the Social Security Act (including
taxes imposed by sections 3101(a) and 3111(a) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to old-age, survivors, and
disability insurance)).
SEC. 5. [[2 U.S.C. 1504]] AGENCY ASSISTANCE.
Each agency shall provide to the Director such information
and assistance as the Director may reasonably request to assist
the Director in carrying out this Act.
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">TITLE I—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">LEGISLATIVE ACCOUNTABILITY AND REFORM </heading>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="103">SEC. 103. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1511">2 U.S.C. 1511</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">COST OF REGULATIONS. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Sense of the Congress.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is the sense of the Congress that Federal agencies should review and evaluate planned regulations to ensure that the cost estimates provided by the Congressional Budget Office will be carefully considered as regulations are promulgated.</content>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Statement of Cost.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">At the request of a committee chairman or ranking minority member, the Director shall, to the extent practicable, prepare a comparison between—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103/b/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an estimate by the relevant agency, prepared under section 202 of this Act, of the costs of regulations implementing an Act containing a Federal mandate; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103/b/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the cost estimate prepared by the Congressional Budget Office for such Act when it was enacted by the Congress.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s103/c" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Cooperation of Office of Management and Budget.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">At the request of the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide data and cost estimates for regulations implementing an Act containing a Federal mandate covered by part B of title IV of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (as added by section 101 of this Act).</content>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s105" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="105">SEC. 105. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1512">2 U.S.C. 1512</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">CONSIDERATION FOR FEDERAL FUNDING. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Nothing in this Act shall preclude a State, local, or tribal government that already complies with all or part of the Federal intergovernmental mandates included in the bill, joint resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report from consideration for Federal funding under section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (as added by section 101 of this Act) for the cost of the mandate, including the costs the State, local, or tribal government is currently paying and any additional costs necessary to meet the mandate.</content>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="106">SEC. 106. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1513">2 U.S.C. 1513</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Findings.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Senate finds that—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the Congress should be concerned about shifting costs from Federal to State and local authorities and should be equally concerned about the growing tendency of States to shift costs to local governments;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">cost shifting from States to local governments has, in many instances, forced local governments to raise property taxes or curtail sometimes essential services; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/a/3" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">increases in local property taxes and cuts in essential services threaten the ability of many citizens to attain and maintain the American dream of owning a home in a safe, secure community.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Sense of the Senate.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is the sense of the Senate that—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/b/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the Federal Government should not shift certain costs to the State, and States should end the practice of shifting costs to local governments, which forces many local governments to increase property taxes;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/b/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">States should end the imposition, in the absence of full consideration by their legislatures, of State issued mandates on local governments without adequate State funding, in a manner that may displace other essential government priorities; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s106/b/3" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">one primary objective of this Act and other efforts to change the relationship among Federal, State, and local governments should be to reduce taxes and spending at all levels and to end the practice of shifting costs from one level of government to another with little or no benefit to taxpayers.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s107" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="107">SEC. 107. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1514">2 U.S.C. 1514</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ENFORCEMENT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s107/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Motions To Strike in the Committee of the Whole.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Clause 5 of rule XXIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives is amended by adding at the end the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block">
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In the consideration of any measure for amendment in the Committee of the Whole containing any Federal mandate the direct costs of which exceed the threshold in section 424(a)(1) of the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act of 1995, it shall always be in order, unless specifically waived by terms of a rule governing consideration of that measure, to move to strike such Federal mandate from the portion of the bill then open to amendment.”</content>
</subsection></quotedContent>.</content>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s107/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Committee on Rules Reports on Waived Points of Order.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Committee on Rules shall include in the report required by clause 1(d) of rule XI (relating to its activities during the Congress) of the Rules of the House of Representatives a separate item identifying all waivers of points of order relating to Federal mandates, listed by bill or joint resolution number and the subject matter of that measure.</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tI/s109" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="109">SEC. 109. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1516">2 U.S.C. 1516</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">There are authorized to be appropriated to the Congressional Budget Office $4,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 to carry out the provisions of this title.</content>
</section>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REGULATORY ACCOUNTABILITY AND REFORM </heading>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s201" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">SEC. 201. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1531">2 U.S.C. 1531</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REGULATORY PROCESS. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Each agency shall, unless otherwise prohibited by law, assess the effects of Federal regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments, and the private sector (other than to the extent that such regulations incorporate requirements specifically set forth in law).</content>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="202">SEC. 202. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1532">2 U.S.C. 1532</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">STATEMENTS TO ACCOMPANY SIGNIFICANT REGULATORY ACTIONS. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Unless otherwise prohibited by law, before promulgating any general notice of proposed rulemaking that is likely to result in promulgation of any rule that includes any Federal mandate that may result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100,000,000 or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any 1 year, and before promulgating any final rule for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking was published, the agency shall prepare a written statement containing—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an identification of the provision of Federal law under which the rule is being promulgated;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the anticipated costs and benefits of the Federal mandate, including the costs and benefits to State, local, and tribal governments or the private sector, as well as the effect of the Federal mandate on health, safety, and the natural environment and such an assessment shall include—</chapeau>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/2/A" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an analysis of the extent to which such costs to State, local, and tribal governments may be paid with Federal financial assistance (or otherwise paid for by the Federal Government); and</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/2/B" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the extent to which there are available Federal resources to carry out the intergovernmental mandate;</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/3" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">estimates by the agency, if and to the extent that the agency determines that accurate estimates are reasonably feasible, of—</chapeau>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/3/A" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the future compliance costs of the Federal mandate; and</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/3/B" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any disproportionate budgetary effects of the Federal mandate upon any particular regions of the nation or particular State, local, or tribal governments, urban or rural or other types of communities, or particular segments of the private sector;</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/4" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">estimates by the agency of the effect on the national economy, such as the effect on productivity, economic growth, full employment, creation of productive jobs, and international competitiveness of United States goods and services, if and to the extent that the agency in its sole discretion determines that accurate estimates are reasonably feasible and that such effect is relevant and material; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/5" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5)</num><subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/5/A" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a description of the extent of the agency's prior consultation with elected representatives (under section 204) of the affected State, local, and tribal governments;</content></subparagraph>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/5/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a summary of the comments and concerns that were presented by State, local, or tribal governments either orally or in writing to the agency; and</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/a/5/C" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a summary of the agency's evaluation of those comments and concerns.</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Promulgation.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In promulgating a general notice of proposed rulemaking or a final rule for which a statement under subsection (a) is required, the agency shall include in the promulgation a summary of the information contained in the statement.</content>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s202/c" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Preparation in Conjunction With Other Statement.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any agency may prepare any statement required under subsection (a) in conjunction with or as a part of any other statement or analysis, provided that the statement or analysis satisfies the provisions of subsection (a).</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="203">SEC. 203. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1533">2 U.S.C. 1533</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SMALL GOVERNMENT AGENCY PLAN. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Effects on Small Governments.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Before establishing any regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments, agencies shall have developed a plan under which the agency shall—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">provide notice of the requirements to potentially affected small governments, if any;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">enable officials of affected small governments to provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory proposals containing significant Federal intergovernmental mandates; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203/a/3" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">inform, educate, and advise small governments on compliance with the requirements.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s203/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Authorization of Appropriations.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">There are authorized to be appropriated to each agency to carry out the provisions of this section and for no other purpose, such sums as are necessary.</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="204">SEC. 204. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1534">2 U.S.C. 1534</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL GOVERNMENT INPUT. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Each agency shall, to the extent permitted in law, develop an effective process to permit elected officers of State, local, and tribal governments (or their designated employees with authority to act on their behalf) to provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory proposals containing significant Federal intergovernmental mandates.</content>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Meetings Between State, Local, Tribal and Federal Officers.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to actions in support of intergovernmental communications where—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204/b/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">meetings are held exclusively between Federal officials and elected officers of State, local, and tribal governments (or their designated employees with authority to act on their behalf) acting in their official capacities; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204/b/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">such meetings are solely for the purposes of exchanging views, information, or advice relating to the management or implementation of Federal programs established pursuant to public law that explicitly or inherently share intergovernmental responsibilities or administration.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s204/c" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Implementing Guidelines.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall issue guidelines and instructions to Federal agencies for appropriate implementation of subsections (a) and (b) consistent with applicable laws and regulations.</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="205">SEC. 205. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1535">2 U.S.C. 1535</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">LEAST BURDENSOME OPTION OR EXPLANATION REQUIRED. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as provided in subsection (b), before promulgating any rule for which a written statement is required under section 202, the agency shall identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and from those alternatives select the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule, for—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">State, local, and tribal governments, in the case of a rule containing a Federal intergovernmental mandate; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the private sector, in the case of a rule containing a Federal private sector mandate.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Exception.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The provisions of subsection (a) shall apply unless—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/b/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the head of the affected agency publishes with the final rule an explanation of why the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome method of achieving the objectives of the rule was not adopted; or</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/b/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the provisions are inconsistent with law.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s205/c" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">OMB Certification.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall certify to Congress, with a written explanation, agency compliance with this section and include in that certification agencies and rulemakings that fail to adequately comply with this section.</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s206" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="206">SEC. 206. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1536">2 U.S.C. 1536</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ASSISTANCE TO THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s206/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">collect from agencies the statements prepared under section 202; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s206/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">periodically forward copies of such statements to the Director of the Congressional Budget Office on a reasonably timely basis after promulgation of the general notice of proposed rulemaking or of the final rule for which the statement was prepared.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s207" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="207">SEC. 207. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1537">2 U.S.C. 1537</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">PILOT PROGRAM ON SMALL GOVERNMENT FLEXIBILITY. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s207/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with Federal agencies, shall establish pilot programs in at least 2 agencies to test innovative, and more flexible regulatory approaches that—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s207/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">reduce reporting and compliance burdens on small governments; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s207/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">meet overall statutory goals and objectives.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s207/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Program Focus.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The pilot programs shall focus on rules in effect or proposed rules, or a combination thereof.</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s208" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="208">SEC. 208. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1538">2 U.S.C. 1538</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ANNUAL STATEMENTS TO CONGRESS ON AGENCY COMPLIANCE. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">No later than 1 year after the effective date of this title and annually thereafter, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit to the Congress, including the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives, a written report detailing compliance by each agency during the preceding reporting period with the requirements of this title.</content>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tII/s209" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="209">SEC. 209. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1531">2 U.S.C. 1531</ref> nt<b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">EFFECTIVE DATE. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">This title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.</content>
</section>
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="III">TITLE III—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REVIEW OF FEDERAL MANDATES </heading>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIII/s304" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="304">SEC. 304. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1554">2 U.S.C. 1554</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS REGARDING FEDERAL COURT RULINGS. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">No later than 4 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and no later than March 15 of each year thereafter, the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations shall submit to the Congress, including the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and to the President a report describing any Federal court case to which a State, local, or tribal government was a party in the preceding calendar year that required such State, local, or tribal government to undertake responsibilities or activities, beyond those such government would otherwise have undertaken, to comply with Federal statutes and regulations.</content>
</section>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIII/s305" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="305">SEC. 305. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1555">2 U.S.C. 1555</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DEFINITION. </heading>
<content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Notwithstanding section 3 of this Act, for purposes of this title the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Federal mandate</term>” means any provision in statute or regulation or any Federal court ruling that imposes an enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal governments including a condition of Federal assistance or a duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program.</content>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
</section>
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="IV">TITLE IV—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">JUDICIAL REVIEW </heading>
<section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="401">SEC. 401. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t2/s1571">2 U.S.C. 1571</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">JUDICIAL REVIEW. </heading>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Agency Statements on Significant Regulatory Actions.—</heading>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In general.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Compliance or noncompliance by any agency with the provisions of sections 202 and 203(a) (1) and (2) shall be subject to judicial review only in accordance with this section.</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Limited review of agency compliance or noncompliance.—</heading><subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/2/A" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Agency compliance or noncompliance with the provisions of sections 202 and 203(a) (1) and (2) shall be subject to judicial review only under section 706(1) of title 5, United States Code, and only as provided under subparagraph (B).</content></subparagraph>
<subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/2/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If an agency fails to prepare the written statement (including the preparation of the estimates, analyses, statements, or descriptions) under section 202 or the written plan under section 203(a) (1) and (2), a court may compel the agency to prepare such written statement.</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/3" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Review of agency rules.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In any judicial review under any other Federal law of an agency rule for which a written statement or plan is required under sections 202 and 203(a) (1) and (2), the inadequacy or failure to prepare such statement (including the inadequacy or failure to prepare any estimate, analysis, statement or description) or written plan shall not be used as a basis for staying, enjoining, invalidating or otherwise affecting such agency rule.</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/4" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Certain information as part of record.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any information generated under sections 202 and 203(a) (1) and (2) that is part of the rulemaking record for judicial review under the provisions of any other Federal law may be considered as part of the record for judicial review conducted under such other provisions of Federal law.</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/5" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Application of other federal law.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For any petition under paragraph (2) the provisions of such other Federal law shall control all other matters, such as exhaustion of administrative remedies, the time for and manner of seeking review and venue, except that if such other Federal law does not provide a limitation on the time for filing a petition for judicial review that is less than 180 days, such limitation shall be 180 days after a final rule is promulgated by the appropriate agency.</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/a/6" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Effective date.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">This subsection shall take effect on October 1, 1995, and shall apply only to any agency rule for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking is promulgated on or after such date.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/b" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Judicial Review and Rule of Construction.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as provided in subsection (a)—</chapeau>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/b/1" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any estimate, analysis, statement, description or report prepared under this Act, and any compliance or noncompliance with the provisions of this Act, and any determination concerning the applicability of the provisions of this Act shall not be subject to judicial review; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/104/4/tIV/s401/b/2" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">no provision of this Act shall be construed to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any person in any administrative or judicial action.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>