The secrets endpoint was flattening nested maps (e.g., cloudflare.apiToken)
to a single "********" string. The UI checks for nested keys to determine
if credentials are configured, so the structure must be preserved.
Now redactSecrets() recursively walks the map and only redacts leaf values.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>