diff --git a/app/src/components/GatewayPanel.tsx b/app/src/components/GatewayPanel.tsx
index 1f2a5bc..5cec834 100644
--- a/app/src/components/GatewayPanel.tsx
+++ b/app/src/components/GatewayPanel.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { useMemo, useState } from "react"
 import { Link } from "react-router-dom"
-import { Globe, RefreshCw, FileText, ShieldCheck } from "lucide-react"
+import { Globe, RefreshCw, FileText } from "lucide-react"
 import type { GatewayInfo, HealthStatus } from "@/types"
 import { useGatewayReload, useCaddyfile } from "@/services/api/hooks"
-import { apiClient } from "@/services/api/client"
 import { HealthBadge } from "./HealthBadge"
 
 interface GatewayPanelProps {
@@ -34,20 +33,6 @@ export function GatewayPanel({ gateway, statuses }: GatewayPanelProps) {
           </span>
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
-          {gateway.tls === "internal" && (
-            <a
-              href={apiClient.streamUrl("/gateway/ca.crt")}
-              download="castle-root.crt"
-              className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs px-2.5 py-1 rounded bg-[var(--border)] hover:bg-[var(--border)]/80 text-[var(--muted)] hover:text-[var(--foreground)] transition-colors"
-              title={
-                "Download the gateway's root CA — install on other devices to trust *.lan HTTPS" +
-                (gateway.ca_fingerprint ? `\nSHA-256: ${gateway.ca_fingerprint}` : "")
-              }
-            >
-              <ShieldCheck size={12} />
-              CA cert
-            </a>
-          )}
           <button
             onClick={() => reload()}
             disabled={reloading}
diff --git a/app/src/types/index.ts b/app/src/types/index.ts
index b4b12b8..19bebf1 100644
--- a/app/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/app/src/types/index.ts
@@ -124,8 +124,7 @@ export interface GatewayInfo {
   service_count: number
   managed_count: number
   routes: GatewayRoute[]
-  tls?: string | null // "internal" → host routes served over HTTPS by Caddy's local CA
-  ca_fingerprint?: string | null // SHA-256 of the downloadable root CA
+  tls?: string | null // "acme" → host routes served over HTTPS with a Let's Encrypt wildcard
 }
 
 export interface ServiceActionResponse {
diff --git a/castle-api/src/castle_api/models.py b/castle-api/src/castle_api/models.py
index 8ee145e..34a1ff8 100644
--- a/castle-api/src/castle_api/models.py
+++ b/castle-api/src/castle_api/models.py
@@ -156,11 +156,9 @@ class GatewayInfo(BaseModel):
     service_count: int
     managed_count: int
     routes: list[GatewayRoute] = []
-    # TLS mode (None/"off" → HTTP-only; "internal" → Caddy local-CA HTTPS for host
-    # routes). When "internal", ca_fingerprint is the SHA-256 of the root CA the
-    # dashboard offers for download so clients can trust *.lan HTTPS.
+    # TLS mode: None/"off" → HTTP-only; "acme" → Let's Encrypt wildcard (publicly
+    # trusted, no client CA setup) for host routes.
     tls: str | None = None
-    ca_fingerprint: str | None = None
 
 
 class NodeSummary(BaseModel):
diff --git a/castle-api/src/castle_api/routes.py b/castle-api/src/castle_api/routes.py
index de654b7..dbf8914 100644
--- a/castle-api/src/castle_api/routes.py
+++ b/castle-api/src/castle_api/routes.py
@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-import hashlib
-import json
-import os
 import shutil
-import ssl
-import urllib.request
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Response, status
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, status
 
 from castle_core.config import SPECS_DIR
 from castle_core.generators.caddyfile import generate_caddyfile_from_registry
@@ -899,13 +894,6 @@ def get_gateway() -> GatewayInfo:
     # Caddyfile order is precedence-sensitive; the displayed table is alphabetical.
     routes.sort(key=lambda r: r.address)
 
-    tls = registry.node.gateway_tls
-    ca_fingerprint = None
-    if (tls or "").lower() == "internal":
-        pem = _gateway_ca_pem(registry.node.gateway_tls)
-        if pem:
-            ca_fingerprint = _ca_fingerprint(pem)
-
     return GatewayInfo(
         port=registry.node.gateway_port,
         hostname=registry.node.hostname,
@@ -913,8 +901,7 @@ def get_gateway() -> GatewayInfo:
         service_count=service_count,
         managed_count=managed_count,
         routes=routes,
-        tls=tls,
-        ca_fingerprint=ca_fingerprint,
+        tls=registry.node.gateway_tls,
     )
 
 
@@ -925,66 +912,6 @@ def get_caddyfile() -> dict[str, str]:
     return {"content": generate_caddyfile_from_registry(registry)}
 
 
-# Caddy's admin API exposes the local CA's root cert — the authoritative source,
-# matching the running gateway (same endpoint `caddy trust` uses).
-_CADDY_ADMIN = "http://localhost:2019"
-
-
-def _gateway_ca_pem(gateway_tls: str | None) -> str | None:
-    """The gateway's local-CA root certificate (PEM), or None.
-
-    Only the public root cert — never the CA private key. Returns None unless
-    `gateway.tls` is "internal" and a CA exists. Prefers Caddy's admin API (the
-    running gateway's actual CA); falls back to the on-disk root.crt.
-    """
-    if (gateway_tls or "").lower() != "internal":
-        return None
-    try:
-        with urllib.request.urlopen(f"{_CADDY_ADMIN}/pki/ca/local", timeout=2) as resp:
-            data = json.loads(resp.read())
-        pem = data.get("root_certificate")
-        if pem:
-            return pem
-    except Exception:
-        pass  # admin API down → try the file
-    base = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME") or str(Path.home() / ".local" / "share")
-    root = Path(base) / "caddy" / "pki" / "authorities" / "local" / "root.crt"
-    if root.is_file():
-        return root.read_text()
-    return None
-
-
-def _ca_fingerprint(pem: str) -> str | None:
-    """Colon-separated uppercase SHA-256 of the cert DER, for out-of-band verify."""
-    try:
-        der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
-    except Exception:
-        return None
-    hexd = hashlib.sha256(der).hexdigest().upper()
-    return ":".join(hexd[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(hexd), 2))
-
-
-@router.get("/gateway/ca.crt")
-def get_gateway_ca() -> Response:
-    """Download the gateway's local-CA root cert so clients can trust *.lan HTTPS.
-
-    Public certificate only (the CA private key never leaves the host). 404 when
-    the gateway isn't serving internal-CA TLS or no cert has been issued yet.
-    """
-    registry = get_registry()
-    pem = _gateway_ca_pem(registry.node.gateway_tls)
-    if not pem:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=404,
-            detail="No gateway CA (gateway.tls is not 'internal', or no cert yet).",
-        )
-    return Response(
-        content=pem,
-        media_type="application/x-x509-ca-cert",
-        headers={"Content-Disposition": 'attachment; filename="castle-root.crt"'},
-    )
-
-
 @router.post("/gateway/reload")
 async def reload_gateway() -> dict[str, str]:
     """Regenerate Caddyfile and reload Caddy."""
diff --git a/castle-api/tests/test_health.py b/castle-api/tests/test_health.py
index 0997276..bb9dee3 100644
--- a/castle-api/tests/test_health.py
+++ b/castle-api/tests/test_health.py
@@ -270,15 +270,9 @@ class TestGateway:
             assert r["kind"] in ("static", "proxy", "remote")
 
     def test_gateway_tls_off_by_default(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
-        """No TLS configured → tls/ca_fingerprint are null (HTTP-only gateway)."""
+        """No TLS configured → tls is null (HTTP-only gateway)."""
         data = client.get("/gateway").json()
         assert data["tls"] is None
-        assert data["ca_fingerprint"] is None
-
-    def test_gateway_ca_404_without_internal_tls(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
-        """The CA download is unavailable unless gateway.tls is 'internal'."""
-        response = client.get("/gateway/ca.crt")
-        assert response.status_code == 404
 
 
 class TestConfigEditor:
diff --git a/core/src/castle_core/generators/caddyfile.py b/core/src/castle_core/generators/caddyfile.py
index 790c010..96cbed1 100644
--- a/core/src/castle_core/generators/caddyfile.py
+++ b/core/src/castle_core/generators/caddyfile.py
@@ -186,27 +186,23 @@ def generate_caddyfile_from_registry(
 ) -> str:
     """Render the route list to a Caddyfile.
 
-    Three modes, set by `gateway.tls`:
+    Two modes, set by `gateway.tls`:
 
     - **off (default)** — HTTP-only. Everything (host matchers + path prefixes +
       static) lives in one `:<port>` site with `auto_https off`, so a named host
       can't pull the listener into TLS or try to bind :80/:443.
-    - **internal** — each host route becomes its own `<host> { tls internal … }`
-      site, served over HTTPS by Caddy's local CA (Caddy listens :443 and
-      redirects :80). This makes those hosts a browser "secure context". Path
-      prefixes, static frontends, and the dashboard stay on the HTTP `:<port>`
-      site — give a service a `proxy.caddy.host` to put it on HTTPS.
     - **acme** — host routes are served under a single `*.<domain>` site with a
       real Let's Encrypt **wildcard** cert obtained via a DNS-01 challenge (one
       cert for all of them). Publicly trusted → no CA install on clients. Each
-      host route maps to `<service-name>.<domain>`. Requires `gateway.domain`;
+      host route is published at `<label>.<domain>`, where `<label>` is the first
+      DNS label of the service's `proxy.caddy.host` (so a bare `claw`, or a legacy
+      `claw.civil.lan`, both yield `claw.<domain>`). Requires `gateway.domain`;
       the DNS provider token reaches Caddy via `{env.<TOKEN>}`.
     """
     routes = compute_routes(registry, None, remote_registries)
     node = registry.node
     gw_port = node.gateway_port
     mode = (node.gateway_tls or "").lower()
-    tls_internal = mode == "internal"
     domain = node.gateway_domain
     tls_acme = mode == "acme" and bool(domain)  # acme without a domain → off-mode
 
@@ -225,26 +221,16 @@ def generate_caddyfile_from_registry(
             lines.append(f"    acme_ca {_ACME_STAGING_CA}")
         lines += ["}", ""]
         # One wildcard site → a single DNS-01 cert covers every host route, so a
-        # new host-routed service needs no new cert or challenge.
+        # new host-routed service needs no new cert or challenge. The published
+        # subdomain is the host's first label (a bare `claw` or `claw.civil.lan`
+        # both → `claw.<domain>`), keeping services domain-agnostic.
         if host_routes:
             lines.append(f"*.{domain} {{")
             for r in host_routes:
-                sub = r.name or r.address.split(".")[0]
+                sub = (r.address.split(".")[0] if r.address else "") or r.name or ""
                 lines += _host_matcher_block(r.name or r.address, f"{sub}.{domain}", r.target)
             lines.append("}")
             lines.append("")
-    elif tls_internal:
-        # Per-host HTTPS sites via Caddy's internal CA. `tls internal` overrides
-        # ACME for that host, so no public cert is attempted; clients must trust
-        # the Caddy root CA (`caddy trust`, then distribute root.crt).
-        for r in host_routes:
-            lines += [
-                f"{r.address} {{",
-                "    tls internal",
-                f"    reverse_proxy {r.target}",
-                "}",
-                "",
-            ]
     else:
         # HTTP-only: keep auto-HTTPS off so the bare-port site stays plain HTTP
         # and named hosts don't trigger cert provisioning.
@@ -280,8 +266,8 @@ def generate_caddyfile_from_registry(
                 "",
             ]
         elif r.is_host:  # host-based proxy
-            if tls_internal or tls_acme:
-                continue  # emitted as its own HTTPS / wildcard site above
+            if tls_acme:
+                continue  # emitted in the *.<domain> wildcard site above
             lines += _host_matcher_block(r.name or r.address, r.address, r.target)
         else:  # path-prefix proxy (local or remote)
             if r.kind == "remote":
diff --git a/core/tests/test_caddyfile.py b/core/tests/test_caddyfile.py
index 86dab6e..ce731e4 100644
--- a/core/tests/test_caddyfile.py
+++ b/core/tests/test_caddyfile.py
@@ -234,12 +234,11 @@ class TestLocalRoutesFromConfig:
         assert "reverse_proxy localhost:8001" in caddyfile
 
 
-class TestCaddyfileTlsInternal:
-    """gateway.tls=internal → host routes become their own HTTPS sites."""
+class TestCaddyfileOffMode:
+    """gateway.tls unset/off → HTTP-only: host matchers live on the :<port> site."""
 
-    def _host_registry(self, tls: str | None) -> NodeRegistry:
+    def _host_registry(self) -> NodeRegistry:
         return _make_registry(
-            gateway_tls=tls,
             deployed={
                 "claw": Deployment(
                     runner="node", run_cmd=["claw"], port=18789, proxy_host="claw.civil.lan"
@@ -250,17 +249,21 @@ class TestCaddyfileTlsInternal:
             },
         )
 
-    def test_host_route_becomes_tls_site(self) -> None:
-        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry("internal"))
-        assert "claw.civil.lan {" in caddyfile
-        assert "tls internal" in caddyfile
-        assert "reverse_proxy localhost:18789" in caddyfile
+    def test_host_matcher_and_auto_https_off(self) -> None:
+        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry())
+        assert "auto_https off" in caddyfile
+        assert "@host_claw host claw.civil.lan" in caddyfile
+        assert "tls internal" not in caddyfile  # internal mode is gone
+        assert "claw.civil.lan {" not in caddyfile  # not a standalone TLS site
 
-    def test_compose_substrate_host_route_is_tls_site(self) -> None:
-        """The Supabase substrate (compose runner + host route) becomes its own
-        HTTPS site under tls:internal — routing is runner-agnostic."""
+    def test_path_routes_on_http_port(self) -> None:
+        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry())
+        assert ":9000 {" in caddyfile
+        assert "handle_path /api/*" in caddyfile
+
+    def test_routing_is_runner_agnostic(self) -> None:
+        """A compose-runner service with a host route is matched like any other."""
         registry = _make_registry(
-            gateway_tls="internal",
             deployed={
                 "supabase": Deployment(
                     runner="compose",
@@ -271,29 +274,9 @@ class TestCaddyfileTlsInternal:
             },
         )
         caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(registry)
-        assert "supabase.lan {" in caddyfile
-        assert "tls internal" in caddyfile
+        assert "@host_supabase host supabase.lan" in caddyfile
         assert "reverse_proxy localhost:8000" in caddyfile
 
-    def test_no_auto_https_off_in_tls_mode(self) -> None:
-        # auto_https off would suppress the internal-CA certs we now want.
-        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry("internal"))
-        assert "auto_https off" not in caddyfile
-        # Host matcher form must NOT be used when the host is its own TLS site.
-        assert "@host_claw" not in caddyfile
-
-    def test_path_routes_stay_on_http_port(self) -> None:
-        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry("internal"))
-        assert ":9000 {" in caddyfile
-        assert "handle_path /api/*" in caddyfile
-
-    def test_off_mode_keeps_host_matcher_and_auto_https_off(self) -> None:
-        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._host_registry(None))
-        assert "auto_https off" in caddyfile
-        assert "@host_claw host claw.civil.lan" in caddyfile
-        assert "tls internal" not in caddyfile
-        assert "claw.civil.lan {" not in caddyfile
-
 
 class TestCaddyfileTlsAcme:
     """gateway.tls=acme → host routes served under one *.domain wildcard site
@@ -322,10 +305,27 @@ class TestCaddyfileTlsAcme:
     def test_wildcard_site_with_derived_host_matcher(self) -> None:
         caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._acme_registry())
         assert "*.civil.payne.io {" in caddyfile
-        # Subdomain derived from the SERVICE NAME (claw), not the declared .lan host.
+        # Published name = the host's first label under the gateway domain.
         assert "@host_claw host claw.civil.payne.io" in caddyfile
         assert "reverse_proxy localhost:18789" in caddyfile
 
+    def test_subdomain_from_host_label_not_service_name(self) -> None:
+        # Service is named "openclaw" but declares host label "claw" → the label
+        # wins (published as claw.<domain>), so the declared name is authoritative.
+        registry = _make_registry(
+            gateway_tls="acme",
+            gateway_domain="civil.payne.io",
+            acme_email="paul@example.com",
+            deployed={
+                "openclaw": Deployment(
+                    runner="node", run_cmd=["c"], port=18789, proxy_host="claw"
+                ),
+            },
+        )
+        caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(registry)
+        assert "host claw.civil.payne.io" in caddyfile
+        assert "openclaw.civil.payne.io" not in caddyfile
+
     def test_path_routes_stay_on_http_port(self) -> None:
         caddyfile = generate_caddyfile_from_registry(self._acme_registry())
         assert ":9000 {" in caddyfile
diff --git a/docs/dns-and-tls.md b/docs/dns-and-tls.md
index aab089b..a6b9763 100644
--- a/docs/dns-and-tls.md
+++ b/docs/dns-and-tls.md
@@ -85,37 +85,28 @@ subdomain can.
 Pin the node's IP with a **DHCP reservation** — the wildcard hardcodes it, so a
 drifting dynamic lease would break every host route at once.
 
-## TLS: three trust modes
+## TLS: two trust modes
 
 `gateway.tls` (in `castle.yaml`) picks how host routes are served. It's a per-node
-choice; the modes are mutually exclusive.
+choice.
 
 | `gateway.tls` | What the browser gets | Client setup | Use when |
 |---------------|-----------------------|--------------|----------|
-| `off` *(default)* | plain HTTP on `:9000` | none | you don't need HTTPS; localhost-only tools |
-| `internal` | HTTPS from Caddy's **local CA** | **install & trust the CA** on every device | LAN with a private `.lan` zone, few devices you control |
-| `acme` | HTTPS from a **real Let's Encrypt wildcard** | **nothing** | you own a domain; multiple devices (phones, etc.) |
+| `off` *(default)* | plain HTTP on `:9000` | none | you don't need HTTPS; a node with no public domain |
+| `acme` | HTTPS from a **real Let's Encrypt wildcard** | **nothing** | you own a domain; any/multiple devices (phones, etc.) |
 
 ### `off` — plain HTTP
 
 The gateway generates `auto_https off` and listens on a bare `:9000`. Reach it at
 `http://<node>:9000/`. Simple, but a non-`localhost` HTTP page is **not** a browser
-"secure context" (see below), and there's no encryption.
+"secure context" (see below), and there's no encryption. For a node with no public
+domain, this is the mode — reach secure-context apps via `http://localhost` /
+direct ports on the node itself.
 
-### `internal` — Caddy's local CA
-
-Each host route becomes its own `tls internal` HTTPS site, signed by a CA Caddy
-generates on the node. Browsers get a real secure context — but only if they
-**trust that private CA**, which means distributing the root cert to every device's
-system/browser trust store. That's the catch: some platforms (notably Android
-browsers, and Firefox everywhere, which uses its own store) make installing a
-custom CA painful or impossible. Castle helps by exposing the public root at
-`GET /gateway/ca.crt` with a dashboard download button — but the per-device trust
-step is unavoidable, and it's why `internal` doesn't scale past a handful of
-machines you fully control.
-
-Good fit: a `.lan` zone (which can't get a public cert anyway) with a couple of
-trusted laptops.
+> A private-CA option (Caddy's `tls internal`) existed but was removed: it required
+> installing a custom root CA on every device, which some platforms (Android
+> browsers; Firefox, which uses its own store) make painful — the exact problem
+> `acme` solves without any client setup.
 
 ### `acme` — real Let's Encrypt wildcard via DNS-01
 
@@ -137,8 +128,9 @@ How it stays internal:
 
 One `*.<domain>` site means a **single cert** covers every host route, and Caddy
 **auto-renews** it — adding a service needs no new cert and no DNS-01 round trip.
-Host-route subdomains are derived from the **service name**: a service opts into a
-host route with `proxy.caddy.host`, and it's published at `<service>.<domain>`.
+Host-route subdomains come from the **first label of `proxy.caddy.host`**: a
+service declares `host: claw` and is published at `claw.<domain>`. Only the label
+matters (the domain is the gateway's), so services stay domain-agnostic.
 
 This is the recommended mode when you own a domain and want to reach services from
 arbitrary devices.
@@ -150,28 +142,28 @@ Beyond eavesdropping protection, HTTPS unlocks browser capabilities gated to a
 built on them (device identity, end-to-end crypto). Browsers treat only `https://`
 and `http://localhost` as secure — a plain-HTTP page on a LAN hostname is **not**,
 so such apps break there. That's the concrete reason to move a host route to
-`internal` or `acme` rather than leaving it on `off`.
+`acme` rather than leaving it on `off`.
 
 Note: a host served over HTTPS has its own **origin** (`https://foo.example`, no
 port). An app that allowlists origins, or an OAuth/token flow, must include the new
-origin — moving a service between modes changes its origin.
+origin — moving a service onto HTTPS changes its origin.
 
 ## Putting a service on trusted HTTPS — the recipe
 
-1. **Give it a host route.** In the service's `proxy.caddy`, set `host:` (drop any
-   `path_prefix`). The literal host value is used as-is in `internal` mode; in
-   `acme` mode the published name is derived as `<service>.<domain>`.
+1. **Give it a host route.** In the service's `proxy.caddy`, set `host:` to the
+   subdomain **label** you want (`host: claw`), and drop any `path_prefix`. In
+   `acme` mode the published name is `<label>.<gateway.domain>`.
 2. **Make the name resolve.** Add (or rely on) the LAN wildcard for the zone
-   (§DNS). Verify: `dig +short <service>.<zone>` → the node's IP.
-3. **Pick a trust mode** on the gateway (`gateway.tls`), plus the operational
-   prerequisites for it (below).
+   (§DNS). Verify: `dig +short <label>.<domain>` → the node's IP.
+3. **Set `gateway.tls: acme`** (with `domain`/`acme_email`), plus the operational
+   prerequisites (below).
 4. **Deploy & reload:** `castle deploy` regenerates the Caddyfile and reloads Caddy.
 5. **Update the app's origin allowlist** if it has one (§secure context).
 
 ## Operational prerequisites
 
-Both HTTPS modes need the gateway to bind privileged ports; `acme` also needs a
-plugin-enabled Caddy and a DNS token.
+`acme` needs the gateway to bind privileged ports, plus a plugin-enabled Caddy and
+a DNS token.
 
 - **Bind `:443`/`:80`.** Caddy serves HTTPS on `:443` (and redirects `:80`). A
   user-level gateway can't bind privileged ports under `NoNewPrivileges`, so lower
@@ -195,16 +187,16 @@ plugin-enabled Caddy and a DNS token.
 
 | You have… | Zone (DNS) | Trust (TLS) | Result |
 |-----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
-| a quick internal tool, HTTP is fine | path prefix or `.lan` host | `off` | `http://node:9000/tool/` |
-| a `.lan` LAN, a couple of trusted machines | `*.node.lan` on the router | `internal` | HTTPS, install the CA per device |
-| a domain you own + many devices (phones) | `*.sub.domain` on the LAN resolver | `acme` | HTTPS, **no client setup**, internal-only |
+| a quick internal tool, HTTP is fine | path prefix, or a `.lan`/bare host | `off` | `http://node:9000/tool/` |
+| a node with no public domain, needs a secure context | — | `off` | reach it via `http://localhost` / direct port on the node |
+| a domain you own + any devices (phones) | `*.sub.domain` on the LAN resolver | `acme` | HTTPS, **no client setup**, internal-only |
 
-The last row is the sweet spot for a multi-device personal LAN, and what this node
-runs today: `*.civil.payne.io` (wild-central DNS) + a Let's Encrypt wildcard via
-Cloudflare DNS-01, so e.g. `https://openclaw.civil.payne.io/` is trusted on any
-device with nothing to install.
+The last row is the sweet spot for a personal LAN, and what this node runs today:
+`*.civil.payne.io` (wild-central DNS) + a Let's Encrypt wildcard via Cloudflare
+DNS-01, so e.g. `https://claw.civil.payne.io/` is trusted on any device with
+nothing to install.
 
 ## See also
 
 - [registry.md — `proxy`, gateway routes, and the `gateway.tls` modes](registry.md#proxy--how-the-gateway-routes-to-it)
-  — the field-level reference (Caddyfile shapes, exact config keys, the CA-download endpoint).
+  — the field-level reference (Caddyfile shapes, exact config keys, DNS-01 setup).
diff --git a/docs/registry.md b/docs/registry.md
index 0cec34a..3f281ce 100644
--- a/docs/registry.md
+++ b/docs/registry.md
@@ -340,70 +340,43 @@ Pin `<node-ip>` with a DHCP reservation — the wildcard hardcodes it.
 By default the gateway is **HTTP-only**: it generates `auto_https off` and listens
 on a bare `:<gateway-port>` (default `:9000`), so reach it at `http://<host>:9000/`,
 **not** `https://` (a TLS hello to the plain-HTTP listener fails with "wrong
-version number"). `gateway.tls` opts host routes into HTTPS:
+version number"). `gateway.tls` has two values:
 
 | `gateway.tls` | listener | host routes | cert / trust |
 |---------------|----------|-------------|--------------|
 | `off` (default/unset) | `:<port>` HTTP, `auto_https off` | host matcher on `:<port>` | none |
-| `internal` | per-host `:443` HTTPS | own `tls internal` site | Caddy **local CA** — must distribute root.crt to clients |
 | `acme` | one `*.<domain>` `:443` site | matcher inside the wildcard site | **real Let's Encrypt wildcard, no CA install** |
 
-`acme` and `internal` are mutually exclusive (one `gateway.tls` value); path-prefix
-and static routes always stay on the HTTP `:<port>` site. Both HTTPS modes need the
-443/80 bind below.
+Path-prefix and static routes always stay on the HTTP `:<port>` site — the way to
+put a service on HTTPS is to give it a `proxy.caddy.host`. A node with no public
+domain stays on `off` (plain HTTP; use `localhost`/direct ports for anything that
+needs a secure context).
 
-#### HTTPS for host routes — `gateway.tls: internal`
+HTTPS matters beyond encryption: only `https://` (and `http://localhost`) is a
+browser **secure context**, the prerequisite for WebCrypto/`crypto.subtle` — which
+apps doing device identity or end-to-end crypto require and browsers disable on
+plain-HTTP LAN hosts. That's the reason to move such a service to a host route with
+`acme`.
 
-Set `tls: internal` under `gateway:` in `castle.yaml` and each **host route**
-becomes its own HTTPS site served by Caddy's local CA:
-
-```yaml
-gateway:
-  port: 9000
-  tls: internal     # host routes (proxy.caddy.host) → HTTPS via Caddy's local CA
-```
-
-```caddyfile
-foo.lan {
-    tls internal
-    reverse_proxy localhost:9001
-}
-```
-
-This is what makes a remote browser treat the page as a **secure context** — the
-prerequisite for WebCrypto/`crypto.subtle`, which apps doing device-identity or
-end-to-end crypto require and which browsers disable on plain HTTP (except
-`localhost`). Path-prefix and static routes stay on the HTTP `:<gateway-port>`
-site, so the way to put a service on HTTPS is to give it a `proxy.caddy.host`.
-
-Two operational requirements:
-
-- **Bind 443/80.** Caddy serves these host sites on `:443` (and redirects `:80`).
-  A user-level gateway can't bind privileged ports under `NoNewPrivileges`, so
-  lower the floor once: `net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=80` (persist in
-  `/etc/sysctl.d/`). This beats `setcap`, which `NoNewPrivileges=true` would void.
-- **Trust the local CA.** Run `caddy trust` on the gateway host, then distribute
-  the root CA to every other box's system/browser trust store — `.lan` can't get
-  a public cert, so clients trust Caddy's root instead. (Firefox uses its own
-  store; import it there too.) The dashboard's Gateway panel has a **CA cert**
-  download button (only shown when `tls: internal`), backed by
-  `GET /gateway/ca.crt` — the public root cert, sourced from Caddy's admin API,
-  with its SHA-256 shown for out-of-band verification. The on-disk copy is at
-  `~/.local/share/caddy/pki/authorities/local/root.crt`.
+**Bind 443/80.** The `acme` HTTPS site listens on `:443` (and redirects `:80`). A
+user-level gateway can't bind privileged ports under `NoNewPrivileges`, so lower
+the floor once: `net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=80` (persist in
+`/etc/sysctl.d/`). This beats `setcap`, which `NoNewPrivileges=true` would void.
 
 #### Publicly-trusted HTTPS — `gateway.tls: acme`
 
-`internal` mode forces every client device to trust a private CA — which some
-platforms (e.g. Android browsers) make painful. `acme` mode avoids it entirely:
-Caddy obtains a **real Let's Encrypt wildcard cert** (`*.<domain>`) via a **DNS-01**
-challenge, so every browser trusts it with **zero CA install** — while the services
-stay **internal-only**.
+A private-CA approach (Caddy's `tls internal`) forces every client device to trust
+a custom root — which some platforms (e.g. Android browsers, and Firefox, which
+uses its own store) make painful. `acme` mode avoids it entirely: Caddy obtains a
+**real Let's Encrypt wildcard cert** (`*.<domain>`) via a **DNS-01** challenge, so
+every browser trusts it with **zero CA install** — while the services stay
+**internal-only**.
 
 ```yaml
 gateway:
   port: 9000
   tls: acme
-  domain: civil.payne.io          # wildcard cert *.civil.payne.io; host routes → <service>.civil.payne.io
+  domain: civil.payne.io          # wildcard cert *.civil.payne.io; host routes → <label>.civil.payne.io
   acme_email: you@example.com
   acme_dns_provider: cloudflare   # default
 ```
@@ -428,10 +401,12 @@ it needs **no inbound exposure and no public A records** for the services. Only
 **LAN DNS** resolves `*.<domain>` to the gateway's private IP. (HTTP-01 can't
 validate a wildcard, so DNS-01 — and thus the provider token — is mandatory here.)
 
-Host-route subdomains are **derived from the service name**: a service opts into a
-host route with `proxy.caddy.host` (its literal value is ignored in acme mode), and
-the route is published at `<service-name>.<domain>`. One `*.<domain>` site means a
-single cert covers every host route — adding a service needs no new cert.
+Host-route subdomains come from the **first label of `proxy.caddy.host`**: a
+service declares `host: claw` (or a legacy `claw.civil.lan`) and is published at
+`claw.<domain>`. Only the label matters — the domain is the gateway's, so services
+stay domain-agnostic (switching `gateway.domain` needs no service edits). One
+`*.<domain>` site means a single cert covers every host route — adding a service
+needs no new cert.
 
 Setup (the parts castle can't do for you):
 
@@ -456,8 +431,8 @@ Setup (the parts castle can't do for you):
   redeploy to get a browser-trusted production cert. Verify with
   `openssl s_client -connect <ip>:443 -servername claw.<domain> | openssl x509 -noout -issuer`.
 
-The 443/80 bind requirement (above) applies to acme too. Unlike `internal`, there's
-no CA to distribute — the dashboard's CA-download button is `internal`-only.
+The 443/80 bind requirement (above) applies here. There's no CA to distribute —
+the wildcard is publicly trusted.
 
 Routing only moves bytes — it does **not** supply the proxied app's own auth.
 If a backend requires a token/credential (e.g. in the URL or a header), that