docs: fleet mesh plan (OpenBao + NATS)

Phased plan to evolve the mesh into a purpose-driven fleet: NATS (JetStream KV +
presence) replacing Mosquitto, OpenBao as the secret authority, cross-node
requires resolution + gateway circuit-breaker, static civil=authority role.
Records resolved decisions and Phase 0/1 progress.
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# Fleet Mesh Plan — OpenBao + NATS
**Status:** in progress on branch `feat/fleet-mesh-nats-openbao`.
Phases 01 complete + single-node verified (live cutover done). Phases 24 pending.
## Context
Castle's mesh today is a deliberately minimal, read-only gossip: each node
publishes a secret-stripped `NodeRegistry` to Mosquitto MQTT (retained) + an
online/offline LWT, and peers aggregate it into `MeshStateManager`. It is
LAN-only, unauthenticated, carries no secrets, and does nothing with what it
discovers beyond display.
The goal is a **purpose-driven heterogeneous fleet** (media server, security
appliance, TV, comms handler, AI gateway) where nodes come and go as *expected*:
shared LAN-wide config + selected secrets, discoverability + presence, and
binding **by purpose** (a consumer needs `media-index`, not a hostname) with
**circuit-breakers** so churn degrades gracefully instead of hanging.
Two adopted, genuinely-open components (see licensing analysis in chat history):
- **NATS** (CNCF, Apache-2.0) — replaces Mosquitto as the mesh substrate and does
three jobs in one: pub/sub, **JetStream KV** (shared config + registry), and
**TTL keys as presence** (a provider's key vanishes on death → the breaker
trip signal, no separate health plumbing).
- **OpenBao** (Linux Foundation / OpenSSF, MPL-2.0, Vault fork) — the secret
authority behind castle's existing `${secret:...}` mechanism.
Design stance: **static single-writer `role` authority, no consensus**
availability comes from followers running cached local state, not failover.
NATS single-node matches that topology. Consensus stays explicitly out of scope.
## Architecture — planes → components → code seams
| Plane | Component | Primary code seam (verified) |
|-------|-----------|------------------------------|
| Transport + KV + presence | NATS (`castle-nats`) | `castle-api/.../mqtt_client.py` (whole file), `main.py` lifespan 62-77, `config.py` Settings |
| Shared config + registry + presence | NATS JetStream KV | `mesh.py` `MeshStateManager`; new KV buckets |
| Secret authority | OpenBao (`castle-openbao`) | `core/.../config.py:307` `_read_secret` (single chokepoint), `castle-api/.../secrets.py` CRUD |
| Binding-by-purpose + breaker | Caddy gateway | `generators/caddyfile.py` `compute_routes` (`remote` kind + ignored `remote_registries` are pre-stubbed), `deploy.py:509-540` `_target_url`/`_requires_env` (local-only today) |
| Authority role | `NodeConfig.role` | `castle_core/registry.py` / `manifest.py` |
## Phased plan
Each phase is independently useful; the risky secret-transport work is last.
### Phase 0 — Stand up the two services (no behavior change)
- **`castle-nats`**: a `SystemdDeployment` + `RunContainer` (`nats:2` with
JetStream `-js`), data volume `/data/castle/castle-nats`, `reach: internal`
(`nats.<domain>`). Follow the container YAML shape in `docs/tcp-exposure.md`
(postgres example). Replace the Mosquitto provisioning in `install.sh`
(`setup_mqtt`, `seed_mosquitto_config`, image/port consts) with NATS — or
better, promote it to a bootstrap deployment YAML (today the broker is only a
shell-provisioned container, not a declared deployment).
- **`castle-openbao`**: `RunContainer` (`openbao/openbao`), data volume, a file
storage backend, `reach: internal`, **auto-unseal** (local transit/key) so the
node boots unattended (Decision 2).
### Phase 1 — NATS as the mesh transport (swap Mosquitto, behavior-preserving)
- New `nats_client.py` (async-native `nats-py`) replacing `mqtt_client.py`.
Registry → a **JetStream KV bucket `castle-registry`** keyed by hostname
(KV last-value replaces MQTT retained). Presence → a **`castle-presence`**
bucket with a per-node **TTL key** the node renews (replaces LWT + the 300s
`STALE_TTL` poll; note `prune_stale` is currently uncalled).
- Wire in `main.py` lifespan; rename `mqtt_*``nats_*` in `config.py` (keep
`CASTLE_API_` prefix). `MeshStateManager` logic is reused; the KV **watch**
callback drives `update_node`/`set_offline` — and because `nats-py` is
asyncio-native, the `run_coroutine_threadsafe` cross-thread hop for
`broadcast("mesh", …)` **goes away**.
- **Preserve the secret-stripping invariant** from `_registry_to_json` (env /
run_cmd / castle_root never on the wire).
- Rename MQTT-named fields: `models.py` `MeshStatus` (217-226) + frontend
`types/index.ts` (326-330), `MeshPanel.tsx`. Drop `paho-mqtt`; add `nats-py`.
Keep zeroconf peer-advert for LAN discovery **and** support explicit NATS seed
URLs for cross-network (Decision 1); drop the dangling unused `_mqtt._tcp`
browse. Rewrite `test_mqtt.py``test_nats.py`.
- Fixes a latent gap: today the registry is published **on-connect only** (no
periodic/on-change republish). KV writes on `castle apply` fix this naturally.
### Phase 2 — Shared config + presence via JetStream KV
- Buckets: `castle-config` (shared LAN config, **authority-written only**),
`castle-registry` (per-node), `castle-presence` (TTL liveness).
- Add static **`role: authority | follower`** to `NodeConfig` (castle.yaml).
Pin **`civil` = authority** (Decision 3); only the authority may write
`castle-config`. Authority-down ⇒ shared state read-only, nodes serve cached.
- Followers **watch** `castle-config` and reconcile via `castle apply`. Presence
key renewal is the churn signal for Phase 3.
### Phase 3 — Cross-node `requires` resolution + gateway binding + breaker (keystone)
- Extend `_target_url`/`_requires_env` (`deploy.py:509-540`) to **fall through to
the mesh registry** when a `ref` isn't satisfied locally (today it's
local-only). The ref is already host-independent — this removes the
"must be local" restriction, not adds a concept.
- Produce the pre-stubbed **`remote` `GatewayRoute`**; thread `remote_registries`
into `compute_routes` (currently accepted-but-ignored) and into the Caddyfile
write at `deploy.py:157` (currently passed nothing). Binding = a **stable local
subdomain route** the gateway re-targets to the remote node's URL — the program
sees one unchanging URL.
- **Circuit-breaker:** gate the remote route on the `castle-presence` key
(regenerate + `_reload_gateway` when a provider appears/vanishes), backed by
Caddy passive health (`fail_duration` / `lb_try_duration`) on the
`reverse_proxy` line in `_host_matcher_block`. Consumer degraded-mode =
fallback target or clean 503. (Also carry `health_url` into the registry —
it's currently dropped on `manager: none` refs.)
### Phase 4 — OpenBao as the secret backend (last; needs the security foundation)
- Introduce a **`SecretBackend` seam** at the single read chokepoint
`_read_secret` (`config.py:307`) + the `castle-api/.../secrets.py` writer:
`FileSecretBackend` (default, unchanged) and `OpenBaoBackend`. `${secret:NAME}`
syntax is untouched; backend selected in castle.yaml or by env.
- Followers auth to OpenBao (token / AppRole); **need-to-know scoping** via
per-deployment policies. Keep the file backend as fallback; migrate secrets in.
### Cross-cutting prerequisite (gates Phase 4 + any cross-network)
- **Transport hardening**: NATS TLS + nkey/user auth (replace Mosquitto's
`allow_anonymous`); OpenBao TLS listener. No secret and no cross-network link
moves until this is in. Cross-network overlay (e.g. Nebula) is orthogonal and
layers under Caddy later.
## Verification (per phase, end-to-end)
- **P1:** bring up two nodes; confirm registry + presence propagate over NATS and
the mesh view (`/mesh/status`, System Map) is identical to the MQTT behavior.
- **P2:** write a key to `castle-config` on the authority; observe a follower
watch fire and `castle apply` reconcile.
- **P3:** define a service on node A that `requires` a ref provided on node B;
confirm the gateway routes cross-node, then **kill node B** and confirm the
consumer fails fast (curl returns the degraded 503, not a hang) and **recovers**
when B returns.
- **P4:** store a secret in OpenBao; confirm a service renders it via
`EnvironmentFile=` / `--env-file`; then disable the file fallback and confirm
it still resolves.
## Progress
### Phase 0 — DONE + verified (2026-07-07)
Both services stood up **alongside** the live MQTT mesh (no cutover yet):
- `castle-nats` (`nats:2`, JetStream) — deployment
`~/.castle/deployments/services/castle-nats.yaml`, config
`/data/castle/castle-nats/config/nats-server.conf`. Verified: container active,
`/healthz` ok, JetStream enabled (`/jsz` shows store dir + limits), and a real
**KV round-trip** — created `castle-registry` (put/get) and a TTL
`castle-presence` bucket (the presence primitive). Test buckets cleaned up.
- `castle-openbao` (`openbao/openbao:latest`, v2.5.5) — deployment
`~/.castle/deployments/services/castle-openbao.yaml`, config
`/data/castle/castle-openbao/config/openbao.hcl`. Verified: initialized (1
share / threshold 1), unsealed, **KV-v2 secret put/get/delete** round-trip.
Unseal key + root token stored as castle secrets `OPENBAO_UNSEAL_KEY` /
`OPENBAO_ROOT_TOKEN`.
**Consciously deferred (tracked):**
1. **Auto-unseal on boot.** OpenBao is unsealed now but a container restart
re-seals it. The manifest `SystemdSpec` has no `exec_start_post` hook, so
proper boot-unseal wiring lands with Phase 4 (either a small manifest
addition or a companion oneshot). Manual recovery: unseal with
`OPENBAO_UNSEAL_KEY`.
2. **`install.sh` bootstrap parity.** Fresh-install provisioning still seeds
Mosquitto; adding NATS/OpenBao there (and retiring Mosquitto) is bootstrap-only
(no runtime impact) and folds in with the Phase 1 cutover.
### Phase 1 — DONE + single-node verified; live cutover done (2026-07-07)
MQTT/Mosquitto transport replaced by NATS JetStream KV.
- New `castle_api/mesh_wire.py` — transport-agnostic registry (de)serialization
(moved out of `mqtt_client.py`; preserves the secret-stripping invariant).
- New `castle_api/nats_client.py``CastleNATSClient`: connects, PUTs its
registry to the `castle-registry` KV bucket, seeds from existing keys, watches
for peer PUT/DELETE, heartbeats a re-PUT (crash liveness via the existing
stale-TTL), and DELETEs its key on graceful stop (immediate peer-offline).
Async-native → the paho cross-thread `run_coroutine_threadsafe` hop is gone.
- `main.py` lifespan, `config.py` (`nats_enabled`/`nats_url`), `models.py`
`MeshStatus` (`connected`/`nats_url`), `nodes.py` `/mesh/status` all rewired.
- Frontend: `types/index.ts` `MeshStatus` + `MeshPanel.tsx` updated to the new
fields. `mqtt_client.py` + `test_mqtt.py` deleted; `test_mesh_wire.py` added.
`mdns.py` dead `_mqtt._tcp` broker-browse removed. `paho-mqtt``nats-py`.
- **Live cutover:** `castle-api.yaml` env → `CASTLE_API_NATS_*`, `requires:
castle-nats`; applied. castle-api healthy on NATS, `/mesh/status` connected,
registry (9.7 KiB, 48 deployments) published to KV, **no secrets on the wire**.
- Verification run: ruff clean; 89 api + 196 core tests pass; frontend `tsc`
clean; runtime KV round-trip confirmed against the live `castle-nats`.
**Pending second node:** two-node mesh-view parity (peer sees peer, offline on
departure) — needs the second LAN node running the NATS-enabled castle-api
pointed at civil's NATS (seed URL) or a clustered `castle-nats`. Revert path if
needed: restore `CASTLE_API_MQTT_*` env — but note `mqtt_client.py` is deleted,
so revert = `git checkout main -- castle-api` then re-apply. The old Mosquitto
`mqtt` service is left running (dormant) as a safety net; retire it once the
second node is proven on NATS.
## Decisions (resolved)
1. **Discovery — both.** Keep mDNS for zero-config LAN peer discovery *and*
support explicit NATS seed URLs so the mesh can span networks. mDNS is the
convenience path on-LAN; seed URLs are the cross-network path. Client connects
via seeds when present, falls back to mDNS-discovered peers on-LAN.
2. **OpenBao unseal — auto for now.** Auto-unseal (local transit/key) so a home
node boots unattended; designed so we can migrate to manual/stricter unseal
later (a supported rekey/unseal-migration, not zero-effort but planned for).
Keep the backend seam clean so the switch is config, not code.
3. **Authority = `civil`.** `civil` (the acme node, `civil.payne.io`) is pinned
as `role: authority`; all others are followers. **Confirmed:** when `civil` is
down, shared config/secrets go **read-only** fleet-wide and every node keeps
serving its own deployments from cached local state.
4. **NATS — single server now, cluster-ready.** Run one `castle-nats` today
(matches the single-writer authority). Clustering is deferred but must be a
pure config addition (cluster/routes block + a few more nodes) — no re-architecture.